Modern History The Vietnam War - 854 Words

Modern History Background: The Vietnam War began, because of Indochina (Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia) being conquered by the Japanese, in 1941. This led to the creation of the Vietnamese nationalist movement, formed by Ho Chi Minh to resist the Japanese. The Vietnamese national movement also known as the Vietminh, was a communist front organization. To stop the spread of communism through Asia, the United States intervened. The war lasted for 19-20 years, and involved countries such as South Vietnam, North Vietnam, United States, South Korea, Australia, Philippines, New Zealand, Thailand, Khmer Republic, Laos and the Republic of China. The war was known as a guerrilla war, which meant the use of tactics such as ambush, sabotage and petty warfare. Guerrilla warfare is a very unconventional style of warfare. It is when small groups of soldiers use stealthy tactics to inflict damage on the target. The casualties suffered by both sides were immense however, the Communists had the upper hand throughout the majority of the war. Not only was it their home turf, they also had the support of a large percentage of the civilian population. The effective use of guerrilla tactics by the Viet Cong played a very important role on the outcome of the war, and is also the primary reason why the United States lost. The following essay will outline the reasons why the guerrilla tactics used by the Viet Cong played a very important role on the outcome of the Vietnam War. The first paragraph willShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Revolutionary Party Of Vietnam Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussion of Vietnam War, is one that still is every more common among scholars of American Society, common not without controversy. The controversy surrounding the Vietnam War often is centered in U.S. mentality of playing â€Å"savior â€Å" and appearing to be only great, while not owning up or recognizing their faults. There is a common belief among many people that the remembering the vietnam war is no longer important. Th ose who hold this belief, also believe that the there is no reason to harp on a war thatRead More06.07 Dissilusionment Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagesevents such as the Vietnam War and Watergate affected the American public’s opinion of the U.S government. Part I: Read the question above and write down what you think the question is asking in your own words. I think that this question is asking for the American public perception of the US government and their elected officials during both of these events. Both the Vietnam War and Watergate events had big impacts on American society. For example, the Vietnam War was the first war to be televisedRead MoreVietnam Propaganda; Planting a Seed in the Mind of American Soldiers785 Words   |  4 Pages Vietnam in 1954 was a country that had nationalism flowing in their veins after the decades of being under French and for a short time the Japanese rule. All the Vietnamese wanted was to be its own country. The North started fighting back the French and did whatever they could to take back their homeland. The French were beginning to feel this under the numerous attacks the Vietnamese started against them. A number of nations met to determine how the French could peacefully withdraw. The GenevaRead MoreBeing A Prisoner Of War1388 Words   |  6 Pagesmissing during wartime. They may have been killed, wounded, become a prisoner of war (POW), or deserted†. Around 1912 the United States Army created the MIA/POW because most army personnel in countries were not routinely issued with ID tags. As a result, if someone was killed in action and his or her body was not recovered until much later, there was little or no chance of identifying the remains. Around the First World War ID tags were then made as source of identification, some were made of aluminumRead More How Can They Succeed?1034 Words   |  5 Pagesis behind him.† In the Vietnam War, many official soldiers and civilians took part in the combat. It started from December 1956 to 1975, nearly 20 years, in Vietnam. The Vietnam War was a war between North Vietnam and government of South Vietnam that United States participated and supported. It was a highlight in Vietnamese history and United States history also which was recorded, commented, discussed, debated in many books, journals and articles. In th e South of Vietnam, there was a political organizationRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1577 Words   |  7 PagesTo this day, the Vietnam War remains as one of the most controversial subjects in modern American history. The main question that revolves around the Vietnam War, or any conflict that took place during the Cold War for that matter, was whether or not American efforts did actually help prevent the spread of Communism not just in Europe, but throughout the world. While other controversies around this time heavily revolved on whether or not the Americans were acting for the sake of others, or to fulfillRead MoreThe Vietnam War1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam War was first derived from the gradual oppression of the communist party of the north over the region of South Vietnam. The North Communist party was supported mainly by China and the Soviet Union whiles the Anti-Communist party of South Vietnam was supported by United States and France. The communist party grou p, as known as the Viet Cong, was recognized for their guerilla war strategies within the region of South Vietnam, intended to fully expand and unify Vietnam under Communist ruleRead MoreCambodia s Dominant Textiles Today1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has endured an abundance of war and turmoil, however over recent decades the country has slowly recovered their rich culture and traditions that they lost during the Vietnam War. The country today, still suffers from the loss they have endured within the structure of their culture and society. In fact, Cambodia’s dominant textiles today are an affect of the lost traditions that have faded during the Vietnam War. Though warfare has torn a hole into their history taking valuable traditions awayRead MoreWhat Led The United States Into The Vietnam War?1449 Words   |  6 PagesReilly Fletcher HUS History Mr. Hlavacek 5/30/16 What Led the United States to Enter the Vietnam War? The United States played a very crucial role in the conflict that occurred in Southeast Asia between the U.S.-backed democratic South Vietnam, and Soviet-backed communist North Vietnam. Following the defeat of its French administration in 1954, North Vietnam, led by Communist leader Ho Chi Minh, wanted to reunify the country with the help of its rebel allies in the south, known as the Viet CongRead MoreThe Battle Of Dien Bien Phu1256 Words   |  6 Pages25, 2015 History 213 From The Battle Of Dien Bien Phu To Vietnam War â€Å"It will be a war between an elephant and a tiger. If the tiger stand still, the elephant will crush him. But the tiger will never stand still. It will leap upon the elephant’s back, ripping out huge chunks of flesh and then will disappear back again into the dark jungle and slowly the elephant will blead to death† (PeriscopeFilm, 1962). After World War II, the world experiences one of the longest wars that have

Recommended Changes In Our Lending Practices - 1149 Words

With regards to matters of foreclosures, the situations that arise are often the result of families and/or individuals being impacted by various economic situations whether through job loss, illness, property de-valuation or fiscal irresponsibility, the problem is a complex one to solve. The nature of this essay is to take into consideration as many variables as possible and present options which may provide sensible value in which to aide those who befall under less fortunate circumstances as well as those circumstances that are more favorable. Preventative Measures: Financial Awareness Training The present climate surrounding financial education remains a nebulous subject. Often times the best and most recommended financial†¦show more content†¦One method in which to provide this is by allowing for clients to perform interest only payments at half the interest rate of their original loan amount. This will in turn allow the lenders to continue to receive revenue and allow for property owners to retain their property until which time the individual is able to rebound from their economic plight. If the economic condition were such where other loans such as home equity lines of credit outside of the traditional loan agreement existed, these secondary loan amounts could be placed in a suspended state until which time the financial situation improves for the individual. In order to address the financial risk impended on lenders the clients could agree upon improvement of their economic situation to allow a 1% interest rate increase on all secondary loan amounts as a form of reconciliation. Bonuses: Incentives for the Fiscally Responsible Often times we spend a considerable amount of time concerning the situations where support is offered only when situations are bad. This can often create resentment for those who we would deem financially stable and responsible. In order to ensure a measure of impartiality I would propose that financial institutions offer incentives or rewards to those who have continuouslyShow MoreRelatedChapter 1. Introduction. A Strong Banking Sector Is Very1200 Words   |  5 PagesCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A strong banking sector is very important for developing economy. One of the most important functions of banking is lending money. It is generally encouraged because it has the effect of funds being transferred to productive use, it helps in growing economy. As there are pros and cons of everything, the same is in lending money that carries credit risk, which arises from the failure of borrower to fulfill its contractual obligation. The failure of the banking sector has anRead MoreDream Beauty998 Words   |  4 Pagesreceived a total of 3,600 orders. Retail orders amounted to 1,000; convenience stores to 2,500; and mass merchants had 100 orders. Each order has a corresponding delivery that is usually completed within the 3-day fulfillment cycle. The company’s practice has been to allocate logistics-related costs to its three channels based on their relative percentage of sales volume. The orders were shipped in 2,000 packages, with retail accounting for 800 packages, convenie nce stores for 1,100 packages and massRead MoreFinancial Data For East West Bank2899 Words   |  12 Pagesobtained from the December 31, 2013 Uniform Bank Performance Report (â€Å"UBPR†) and various EWB documents ; as well as from interviews conducted with EWB management . The Board of Directors’ Loan Policy Statements, presented in this Lending Policy Manual, set forth the lending philosophy of the Bank. They provide broad guidance to management in balancing loan quality and origination objectives to achieve the earnings objectives of the Bank. Every institution needs to accept some risk in order to earnRead MoreBusiness Industry : An Alternative Source For Finance Funding3223 Words   |  13 Pagesthe laws, ordinary investors, such as friends, family, peers, and strangers are restricted to invest. Today, with a stagnant economy, many startups and businesses are struggling more than ever just to survive. With the passing of the Jumpstart Our Business (JOBS) Act of April 2012 and advanced technology, crowdfunding has taken a whole new level in helping startups and small businesses. Instead of using the traditional banking industry, crowdfunding offer an alternative source for finance fundingRead MoreMoral Hazard And The Banking System2418 Words   |  10 Pagestime period has been dubbed the Great Recession. Now at a broad level this recession was caused essentially by our large banks buying and positively rating thousands upon thousands of mortgage backed securities and collateralized debt obligations. In addition, the banks started getting to a point where they were leveraged sometimes in excess of 30 to 1. The Federal Reserve initially recommended banks try to stay around 10 to 1.(d) When the mortgages started to foreclose the value of those securitiesRead MorePriority Sector Lending28386 Words   |  114 PagesReview of Priority Sector Lending, prepared by the Internal Working Group set up in Reserve Bank under the chairmanship of Shri C. S. Murthy, Chief General Manager-in-Charge, Rural Planning and Credit Department, was placed on the RBI website on September 30, 2005 for public opinion. Subsequently, on November 8, 2005 one subparagraph has been added under paragraph 6.10 of the Technical Paper. DRAFT TECHNICAL PAPER BY THE INTERNAL WORKING GROUP ON PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING This Draft TechnicalRead MoreA Comparative Study of Lending Performance of the Commercial Banks36288 Words   |  146 PagesA comparative study of lending performance of the commercial banks Submitted by: NIRANJAN PARAJULI Balkumari College TU Registration no: 7-1-241-244-98 Roll No: 48/063 Submitted to: Office of the Dean Faculty of Management Tribhuvan University In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master s in Business Studies (MBS) Narayangarh, Chitwan January, 2009 Recommendation This is to certify that the thesis SubmittedRead MoreSyllabi2769 Words   |  12 Pagesto UCSD Extension’s Financial Decision Making course. My basic approach to the subject matter is that theory which cannot be practiced is not good theory, BUT practice that is not based on theory [i.e., a logical, independently verifiable analytic framework] is not good practice. Thus we will strive for a balance of both theory and practice to provide a rigorous, comprehensive course. Please review the following syllabus and let me know if you have any questions or comments. I will do everythingRead MoreSubprime Mortgage Crisis - a Case Study on Morgan Stanley4048 Words   |  17 Pagesin fact the new inventions in the US housing market – the subprime mortgage lending and securitization technology that significantly magnified the impact of the default risk of these loans on the whole financial system. This report, hence, aims to provide an understanding of how the subprime mortgage lending and securitization played a part in bringing about the Subprime Mortgage Crisis in 2007. A case study would follow our discussion to provide a further look into one of the financial institutionsRead MoreCredit Appraisal and Credit Risk Management13437 Words   |  54 PagesMANAGING CORE RISKS IN BANKING: CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT Industry Best Practices BANGLADESH BANK CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT Industry Best Practices PREPARED FOR: BANGLADESH BANK PREPARED BY: FOCUS GROUP ON CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT Team Co-ordinator: Team Members: Sudhir Chandra Das Ali Reza Iftekhar Niaz Habib A.G. Sarwar Brian J. McGuire Naser Ezaz Bijoy Page 2 INTRODUCTION: Risk is inherent in all aspects of a commercial operation, however for Banks and financial institutions, credit risk

Dsm-Iv Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa Free Essays

Anorexia Nervosa DSM-IV Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa A) Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height. Weight loss leading to maintenance of body weight less than 85% of that expected; or failure to make weight gain during period of growth leading to body weight less than 85% of that expected. B) Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat even though under -weight. We will write a custom essay sample on Dsm-Iv Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa or any similar topic only for you Order Now C) Disturbance in the way one’s body weight or shape is experienced undue influence of body weight on self -evaluation or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight. DSM-IV) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual contains 3 eating disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Although Anorexia Nervosa (AN) will be the focus of this report it is worth noting the 3 disorders are very similar and in fact Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified is the name given to the disorder when only 1 criterion for AN is missing for example if a patients weight loss is still in the normal range despite significant weight loss or if a patient still menstruates. Bulimia Nervosa is when the patient excessively over-eats and purges but does not experience significant weight loss. (Franco 2012) Main Symptoms The main symptom is extreme thinness that has no medical cause and usually a pre-occupation with food. AN seems like a physical illness when in fact it is a psychological one. Heart-rhythm disturbances digestive abnormalities bone density loss anemia and hormonal and electrolyte imbalances are the most common physical symptoms and in severe cases organ failure can lead to death. The patient will very rarely present to the Doctor for treatment alone due to denial of having a problem being an intrinsic part of the illness. Young patients will often be taken to the Doctor by a concerned parent with the usual symptoms being a sudden withdrawal from family or friends and a lack of interest in formerly enjoyed activities as well as significant weight loss. (Phillips 2010)Bulimia and AN go hand in hand with many overlapping symptoms such as disordered thinking. Up to 50% of patients with AN develop bulimia and a smaller percentage of patients who are initially bulimic develop AN. † (Franco) AN sufferers have an extremely distorted perception of themselves. Where others may see a once beautiful girl wasting away the patient may perceive that she is succeeding at looking after herself and has enormous self -control that others lack. (Watters 2010) Men or boys who have AN tend to have other psychological problems while women and girls are more likely to be perfe ctionist and displeased with their bodies. Dryden-Edwards 2012) Bio-Psycho-Social Factors AN is the most obvious physically but attempting to treat just the biological symptoms will have little long term effect. Studies suggest social factors are what cause AN and indeed AN is little known in non-industrialised countries that do not subscribe to a Hollywood ideal of beauty which is easy to see is unattainable by the average person due to the unrealness of it. Not even the celebrities look like their on-screen personas in real life thanks to photo shopping and professional make-up artists. It’s good to see Australian teen magazines are helping their target audience develop a healthy body image by having something called â€Å"a reality check alert†. If the magazine is sent a celeb picture that has already been re-touched they will print a little disclaimer next to it reminding their readers it’s not natural. A healthy body image is the first step to preventing AN and Bulimia. Edward Shorter a medical historian working today believes that illnesses like AN â€Å"are a culturally agreed-upon expression of internal distress’. Richard Gordon writes in Eating Disorders-Anatomy of a Social Epidemic â€Å"Individuals with pre-existing mood or anxiety disorders or a whole host of under-lying psychopathologies or developmental vulnerabilities histories of sexual abuse or familial concerns with weight control may be pre-disposed to adopting such culturally sanctioned behaviours as modes of managing unbearable levels of distress. † (Watters 2010) This means that social factors are probably the most important aspect of why this particular illness developed but the propensity to develop a culturally specific disorder came from psychological issues. This does not make the illness any less real or deserving of medical care just that practitioners need to develop a care plan based on a holistic approach and recognise that the starvation is secondary to psychological issues. The quotes are not meant to downplay the role body image has in the illness but there may be more at stake than poor body image that the sufferer has poorly defined feelings of inadequacy that find a culturally recognised home in AN. AN has the highest incidence of suicide than any other mental illness and sufferers are 32 more times likely than average to commit suicide. Butterfly Foundation) Past Treatment Anorexia-type symptoms began presenting to doctors in adolescent girls during the 1850’s at the height of the Hysteria epidemic. At first it was a strange manifestation of the well -known women’s illness (well known at the time-it has disappeared from the medical canon today) but by 1860 it was becoming common for young women to starve themsel ves. In 1873 the model for AN that we would recognise today became well known but with the name Hysterical Anorexia. Treatment was usually hospitalisation with Doctors reporting being perplexed that their patients did not seem to want to get well. Treatments in the 1970’s tended to conform to the medical model with enforced hospitalisation and force feeding. (Watters 2010) Today’s Treatment Today individual and family counselling is just as important as nutrition education. Many sufferers display perfectionist tendancies so Cognitive Behavioral Therapy seems to be the most effective treatment in helping sufferers understand their irrational thought patterns. The average patient suffers from AN for 7 years and while 5% of the population may have AN at any time the illness has a 15%-20% mortality rate (Butterfly Foundation) which makes it the highest mortality rate of any mental illness so early detection and treatment is essential for a positive prognosis. Significant Behaviours One of the hardest behaviours for family and friends of sufferers to understand or come to terms with is the patients preoccupation with food but refusal to eat it. The sufferer shows signs of being compulsive when it comes to food working out how many calories each portion of food contains and devising a diet and slavishly sticking to it and punishing themselves if they eat too much for example an unplanned piece of birthday cake. AN sufferers are often addicted to exercise and will exercise up to 6 hours a day. AN sufferes necessarily have to lie to family and friends about their behaviour and this can create another level of strain on the patient as they are often high achievers and â€Å"good girls† and in fact sufferers redominately come from the middle and upper socio-economic classes and more often than not have high levels of academic success. (Dryden-Edwards 2012) Personal Qualities and Professional Skills As a case worker one needs to be prepared to work with family and friends of your client in a way that you may feel conflicts with confidentiality issues. The important thing is keeping your client alive while helping her find a psychiatrist or psychologist who can help her get to the bottom of the underlying issues. A lot of patience will be required on a personal level and if you feel the impulse to grab your client and shake her and cry â€Å"why won’t you eat dammit† perhaps a little research won’t go astray. The otherside to that is not to become too emotionally involved. Hopefully her family and friends are a strong support but otherwise find out about support groups for your client but beware the â€Å"pro-ana† groups’ that are trying to turn an illness that claims many beautiful young people and turn it into a lifestyle choice. 1225 words References and Bibliography â€Å"Mum Please Help† Phillips Karen Webster Irina MD. Clearview Books 2010. â€Å"Crazy like us- The Globalization of the American Psyche† Watters Ethan. Free Press 2010 â€Å"Case Studies in Abnormal Psychology† Oltmanns Thomas F. Neale John M. Davison Gerald C. John Wiley Sons 2003 â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa† Dryden Edwards Roxanne MD http:www. medicinet. com Retrieved 10/11/2012 â€Å"Eating Disorders† Franco Kathleen N. http: www. clevelandclinicmeded. com Retrieved 10/11/2012 â€Å"DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa† Taken from DSM-IV http: www. medicalcriteria. com Created 3/7/2005 Retrieved 10/11/2012 www. butterfly foundation. com Site dedicated to education about Anorexia How to cite Dsm-Iv Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa, Essay examples

Utilitarianism in Health Care Issues Essay Example

Utilitarianism in Health Care Issues Paper I will then explicate the main points of virtue theory. Following that, I will argue that the tenets of virtue theory instead works In favor of letting the miners keep their Job. As well, I will explain the utilitarian theory, and follow that by arguing that utilitarianism, as well. Would favor the continued operation of the coalmines. Health Canada argues that coalmines in Belleville, Nova Scotia, need to be closed down as it has extremely harmful effects on its workers. The former states that working in mines leads to an increased chance of contracting pulmonary disease. While it Is true that keeping the mines open leads to economic benefits, these benefits are outweighed by the adverse health effects that the miners In turn suffer as a result of their inherent working conditions. Health Canada states that to allow the workers to work in such conditions creates ill-health and consequent unhappiness (Argument for Paper 2 11. 9). Therefore, it is more beneficial for the workers in the long run that the mine be shut down, as any economic stress suffered by the workers would be compensated for by the workers moving away from the gizzards source in order to find new Jobs elsewhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarianism in Health Care Issues specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarianism in Health Care Issues specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarianism in Health Care Issues specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Further, as most the workers are middle-aged and unlikely to continue working for much longer, Health Canada recommends that the mines be closed as soon as possible. This would also have the result in increasing the workers happiness levels, as by moving away to seek other employment, they would be less exposed to the health hazards and therefore maximize their health and freedom (Argument for Paper 2). Modern Virtue theory argues that we should determine what makes a person good or bad by whether he or she has certain virtues In their character. For example, traits such as courage, honesty, generosity, In a person, If they have these traits, would make the person count as a good person. Virtues as well are such that they must not be too extreme towards either the positive end, or towards the negative end. For example, the virtue courage is a virtue because it is a middle ground between being a coward or being extremely impulsive. As such, the virtues are virtues such that if it is good for a person to possess such a character trait, then it is a virtue. When applying virtue theory to the case of shutting down coalmining In the town of Belleville, we must then In this case consider the moral character of both the authorities who are trying to shut down the mining, as well as the miners whose jobs are affected. In the case of the authorities, while they might regard themselves as having the good virtues, such as of honesty and courage, of their attempt to shut down the mines, I feel that the ultimate outcome of this intent does not reflect the virtues that are supposed to have created this shutdown, and therefore the traits are not morally good Let us KICK at ten two vultures AT nonsense Ana courage. I wall TLS examine honest. Are the authorities being truly honest with the miners by alerting them to the potential health danger of exposure while playing down the other dangers such as unemployment, loss of benefits, the additional stress of relocating and having to look for new Jobs, and so on? It seems like they are not being wholly truthful, as they have failed to highlight the other potential health dangers of closing down the mine. As well, I find that the Health Canada authorities are not being truly virtuous when it comes to the moral trait of courage as well, as their cause to shut own the miners Jobs and relocate them is not a worthy cause. This is because the negatives of performing such an act outweigh the positives when it comes to benefiting the miners. We could therefore conclude that while Health Canada might be performing a courageous act by asking the miners to relocate, it is not for a worthy cause, and therefore their behavior is invidious. Let us consider this case from a utilitarian perspective. I will first explicate on the theory of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is a philosophical theory which states that that which is right is what brings the greatest amount of happiness to the greatest maximum number of people. The act that manages to fulfill this criteria is the act that is then morally right. As a result, whenever we consider what is a morally right action to do, we have to keep in mind that the action that would make it so that the accumulated level of happiness in the majority would be higher than the accumulated number of unhappiness in a majority. As well, utilitarianism is bias- free, in that the happiness levels of your close friends and family do not take priority ever the happiness levels of the neighbors next door, or of people in countries that you have never visited and will never know. I argue that under the principles of utilitarianism, closing the mines would ultimately be a morally wrong act to befall the miners, and consequently, the majority. While the closure promises long term benefits, we must remember that most of the miners being affect are 50 years old or older. This means that in terms of long term health effects, they are unlikely to be able to enjoy it in time or, even if they o live long enough to get the benefits of reduction to exposure, these benefits are only likely to last a few years before they pass away. This then does not seem like it would benefit them, or the families that are depending on them for sustenance, as the short term and possibly long term effects of closing the mines means that they would not be able to support themselves financially. In short, the negative potential for happiness is a certainty, while the positive potential for happiness is only theoretical.

Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions Essay Example

Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions Essay Example Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions Paper Pollution Caused by Urbanization and Its Solutions Paper Essay Topic: Renewable energy It is evident that modern cities are featured by environmental degradation, worsening of water quality and shortages of sousing. This essay will focus on the air pollution and water pollution caused by arbitration. These harmful pollutants have serious negative effects on peoples health such as damage to peoples respiratory system. Following this, it will put forward some feasible solutions to deal with these problems. The air quality in cities has become worse and worse along with the process of arbitration and people have been suffering from serious respiratory problems. A typical example of this is the smoking phenomenon in Beijing where people need to wear a gauze mask to go outside. It is true that the irking offices or central business districts are located in the downtown area of the city and a large number of people crowded into the center of the city for work or for entertainment. As a result, there is a huge population who take public transportation to travel to workplace and some wealthier five-to- nine workers choose to go for work by private cars. Therefore, the exhausted gas produced by these transportation tools is immeasurable, especially on the workdays. This also causes a huge pollution difference between workday and weekend and this effect that less pollution is caused in the holiday period s called Holiday Effect. Tan et al (2013) argues that pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds or non- methane hydrocarbon, sulfur dioxide, and PM 10 are measured to be higher on weekdays than on weekends. According to PhD Bert B and MD Stephen HTH (2002), the effect on shortening life expectancy has been evaluated at 1?2 years for realistic exposure contrasts. In addition, there are an increase number of factories which have found their footprints in the rural areas because the air situation in cities has exceeded its bearing capacities. This is also due to the rapid pace of arbitration as factories in cities can no longer meet people?s needs. Consequently, the natural environment in rural areas is damaged and people can no longer enjoy the fresh air as they breathed two decades ago. Those pollutants made during arbitration has damaged peoples health and resulted in serious diseases (Forerunner ; Halted, 2002). There are 32 more case-control studies that have shown an obvious relationship between air pollution, especially from traffic, and lung cancer. Another serious consequence caused by arbitration is water pollution. Some people who live in cities even have no access to drinkable water. It is calculated that three-fourths of US citizens live in cities. With the population in cities increasing at a faster face, it becomes more and more difficult to deal with the waste generated in cities. Most of the waste is discharged or simply dumped into rives or lakes or even on the streets. The water pollutes has worsened the water quality greatly and made it unfit for people to use as daily water directly. As a result, it becomes much more difficult for city dwellers to obtain clean and drinkable water. It is true that many cities in undeveloped areas, especially in Africa, are unable to provide sufficient water supply for their citizens because most of water is lost in the pipe leakages. It is a fact that most people who live in cities, especially in developing countries are forced to boil their water or buy expensive bottled water to drink simply because of the worsening water quality caused by arbitration. It is believed that people in developing countries suffer from poor water sanitation much more than those in developed countries because the speed of arbitration in developing countries moves faster than that of developed countries. Chicanes (2005) pointed out that about 300 million people in China have no access to drink water, and it is a typical example that some people in villages are suffering from serious diseases due to unsafe drinking water. Moreover, urban areas are generally located in places where water sources are available. It is impossible to move forward the pace of arbitration without adequate access to fresh and dependable water; otherwise it cannot meet domestic and industrial needs. The arbitration development in early periods relied on coastal waters to get food and foster transportation. This arbitration development patterns continue as more and more people who prefer to live in places adjacent to freshwater streams. As a consequence, it has negative impacts on local lakes, groundwater and coaster waters as well. The air pollution and water degradation caused by arbitration have posed severe threats to humans health, so it is necessary to carry out some feasible measures to deal with these problems. It is the governments top priority to deal with these serious pollution problems. The government should take the responsibility to introduce some advanced technologies to address the increasingly worsening situation. As for the air pollution, some government- funded projects, such as the electric-transportation scheme, can be implemented to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. The government can also impose taxes on private car using because cars can produce more pollutes than public transportation, such as bus or subway. In this sense, the government can also invest more capital to improve the subway system and carry out some campaigns to encourage citizens to take public transportation rather than private cars or taxies- The government can also devote more funds to the factories in rural areas to improve the Infrastructure and acclivities so as to reduce emission of waste. J. M. Barraging Memorials et al (2005) argue that urban air pollution is indeed stratified, and that an appropriate way to study this stratification is by means of a categorization method. This method aims to classify the street of the town based on their use as transportation routes. Their study utilized an easy and low-cost way to classify the street functions. For example, trucks that produce pollution can incredibly only be allowed to use on the streets outside of the central area. This way could reduce the pollution in the main area of cities immediately and effectively. On addressing the problems of water deteriorating, the government can invest more money to explore the renewable natural resources, such as solar energy and wind, to take place of the electricity to produce drinkable water. More government-funded scientific researches should be reinforced to develop state-of-the-art technology to process exhausted water and underground water (Booth, 1991). Sewage water needs to be treated in a proper way and it should not be allowed to enter into water system. It is true that storm water, sewage and drinking water are mixed up, o it is significant to divert the used water apart from the clean drinking water or reuse them after properly processing. The local communities should also spare no efforts to deal with air pollution and water pollution because of arbitration. These efforts might include clean-up or recycling campaigns to promote the citizens awareness to save water and take action to protect the air. Farmers need to be encouraged to build small farm ponds in the field as a way to store rainwater which can be used efficiently for agriculture. Knowledge on biodiversity and water-saving know-how should be spread to very citizen. There should be effective system when people report smoking vehicles to the local authority. As a result, citizens can take practical measures to relieve the serious situation of water and air contamination. As the United Nations Environment Program states that one person alone cannot make any big change to the planets damaging biodiversity, each individuals effort to promote the natures wealth and build a livable environment. For every individuals part, they can organize the car-pooling or van-pooling projects to get to work instead of taking taxi to the workplace alone. They can choose owe-polluting models of vehicles to go for work. Each citizen can also strive to change their eating and consumption habits.

Natural Language - Definition and Examples

Natural Language s A natural language is a human language, such as English or Standard Mandarin, as opposed to a  constructed language, an artificial language, a machine language, or the language of formal logic. Also called  ordinary language. The theory of universal grammar proposes that all natural languages have certain underlying rules that shape and limit the structure of the specific grammar for any given language.Natural language processing (also known as computational linguistics) is the scientific study of language from a computational perspective, with a focus on the interactions between natural (human) languages and computers. Observations The term natural language is used in opposition to the terms formal language and artificial language, but the important difference is that natural languages are not actually constructed as artificial languages and they do not actually appear as formal languages. But they are considered and studied as though they were formal languages in principle. Behind the complex and the seemingly chaotic surface of natural languages there areaccording to this way of thinkingrules and principles that determine their constitution and functions. . . .(Sà ¶ren Stenlund, Language and Philosophical Problems. Routledge, 1990)Essential Concepts- All languages are systematic. They are governed by a set of interrelated systems that include phonology, graphics (usually), morphology, syntax, lexicon, and semantics.- All natural languages are conventional and arbitrary. They obey rules, such as assigning a particular word to a particular thing or concept. But there is no reason that this particular word was originally assigned to this particular thing or concept.- All natural languages are redundant, meaning that the information in a sentence is signaled in more than one way.- All natural languages change. There are various ways a language can change and various reasons for this change.(C. M. Millward and Mary Hayes, A Biography of the English Language, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, 2011) Creativity and EfficiencyThe apparent fact that the number of utterances in  a natural language is  unbounded is one of its more widely remarked upon properties and a core tenet of modern linguistic theory. The classic argument for creativity uses the idea that one can continually add further adjuncts to sentences to establish that there can be no longest sentence and therefore no finite number of sentences (see Chomsky, 1957). . . .This conventional argument for the creativity of natural language is overly strained: who has actually heard a 500-word sentence? In contrast, anyone who studies [natural language] generation has available a far more reasonable and commonsense account of creativity, namely that one continually uses new utterances because one is continually faced with new situations . . .. The counterbalance to creativity is the efficiency of language (Barwise Perry, 1983): the fact that many utterances do reoccur countless times (e.g., Where did you go for dinner las t night?).(David D. McDonald, et al., Factors Contributing to Efficiency in Natural Language Generation.  Natural Language Generation, ed. by  Gerard Kempen. Kluwer, 1987) Natural ImprecisionNatural language is the embodiment of human cognition and human intelligence. It is very evident that natural language includes an abundance of vague and indefinite phrases and statements that correspond to imprecision in the underlying cognitive concepts. Terms such as tall, short, hot, and well are extremely difficult to translate into knowledge representation, as required for the reasoning systems under discussion. Without such precision, symbolic manipulation within the computer is bleak, to say the least. However, without the richness of meaning inherent in such phrases, human communication would be severely limited, and it is therefore incumbent on us (to attempt) to include such facility within reasoning systems . . ..(Jay Friedenberg and Gordon Silverman, Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Study of Mind. SAGE, 2006) See also CommunicationWhat Is Language?

Midterm Business and Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Midterm Business and Philosophy - Essay Example s precept is considered to be the main basis of most business ethics in regards to the various interactions that may occur with the customers, stakeholders, members of the community, minority shareholders or the employees (Dani, 74). The label â€Å"golden† was first applied to the rule by the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551-479 B.C.). Various other similar formulations of this maxims are to be found at the centre of Taoism, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and some of the rest of the world’s major religions. As the American philosopher Marcus G. Singer, correctly deduced; the Golden Rule happens to be a principle of rather great antiquity. It is seen to have played a key role in establishing moral teachings in nearly all religions and cultures and presently continues to play a significant role in our moral education. More importantly is the point that has been put forth by Augustine and some of the other philosophers that the Golden Rule is not only key in the setting of limitations for our actions, but also it help in encouraging us to promote the interests of other people above those of ourselves (Dani, 74). Although it is considerably one of the oldest and best maxims to practice, the Golden Rule in some cases might not necessarily be the best standard in the management of people in business. It has been found that what one employee might find valuable and highly appreciate, another employee might absolutely despise. According to Zimbardo and Weber, This can be attributed to the fact that preferences in life are highly individualized and learned. These variances include how individuals prefer to be treated by their supervisors. The incorrect tendency for people to assume that other persons happen to share the same behaviour, feelings and opinions as they do is referred to by social psychologists as false consensus effect. This tendency is considered to be a fundamental bias that affects how people happen to think as concerning others (McLean